Examining The Booking System Of Web Appointments Information Technology Essay

Looking at The Booking System Of Web Appointments Information Technology Essay Each individual needs to book arrangement in GP or medical clinic before their visit to association (except if in crisis). The online arrangement booking framework streamlines the date, time, and decision of specialist, changing or adjusting tolerant subtleties. Since the web has become a significant piece of our lives, associations either private ventures or large foundations make it part of their business functionalities. The innovation is growing step by step and online sources are likewise expanding as well. As per Hacker, Ease of access, expanded accessibility of data, and the flourishing of web administrations have all around expanded profitability and operational efficiencies (Hacker, 2008). The online framework has changed total foundation of data trade. This exploration is likewise identified with create of electronic arrangement booking framework where client just needs to type URL gave and they can get to it from anyplace on the planet and whenever. The framework will perm it patient to sign in, register, and booking arrangement where they will have the option to pick time, date and pick of their primary care physician. The advancement of online framework can be extremely requesting if the framework was arranged well before plan. The framework will lessen weight of remaining task at hand of their staff and staff will be increasingly productive. The exploration will convey before begin building up a framework it will assist with picking right devices, innovations. The framework will decrease lines in GP. The utilization of electronic arrangement booking framework will permit client to book arrangement whenever for instance on the off chance that they need to book arrangement at 12 PM so they will have the option to make it without trusting that GP will open in morning and than call to GP since phone booking arrangement framework will work just when GP is open yet online arrangement booking framework will work constantly 365 days in a year. Foundation It is imperative to know how arrangement is done as of now in association. The at present arrangement done physically or through telephone in which the patient are given selection of dates when they visit their GP or medical clinic and it ought to be endorsed by the individual from staff . What's more, if tolerant book their arrangement through telephone than they need to trust that mechanized machine will reply and than pick accessible date and book arrangement. On the off chance that patient need affirmation, at that point they need to visit GP actually or pick alternative to send letter by post. This kind of circumstances lead to exercise in futility, cash and it might squeeze the regulatory staffs also. As there are people associated with the entire procedure there are high prospects of human mistakes. The booking arrangement through telephone or specifically going there the staff can get to wrong subtleties and furthermore when staff booked the arrangement for individual then th ere might be some slip-up. So by considering every one of these focuses the improvement of electronic framework will support GPs or any association to beat these issues by offering an online assistance to do their booking and to pick their longing date and select them on the web. Reason/Significance The web based booking framework won't work if there should be an occurrence of crisis. In crisis there are consistently puts accessible to go straight there, this framework will work for typical booking to visit and see specialist for normal registration. The balanced of this examination is to build up an electronic arrangement booking framework and usage of framework for GPs and other association. The improvement of electronic arrangement framework is to beaten the issues looked by the clients and staffs while booking their arrangement for ordinary examination. The arrangement booking is significant for any association to bargain their client all the more proficiently. As we talked about out of sight of the exploration there might be some human blunder. That is the reason the improvement of this framework is chosen which will assist association with giving quality help by giving their clients electronic online arrangement booking framework. The primary reason for building up this task is to distinguish the client needs, to fulfill those necessities by choosing the best way to deal with accomplish the goals of the venture. The usage of this venture will assist the association with reducing the ideal opportunity for client to book arrangement. It might likewise lessen paper work, lining at the GPs gathering, on the grounds that the significant administrations will be given on the web. The execution of this framework will help association monetarily just as for their clients and it will spares loads of time. The executions of electronic arrangement booking framework additionally bolster various clients one after another so the framework will proficient. Point and Objectives Point: To structure and execute the Web based online arrangement booking framework inside time. Examination Objectives: The examination will lead to gather vital data for planning a framework for GP or medical clinic. To build up the framework, a few meetings should be directed among individuals to comprehend issues with framework. The Feasibility concentrate for actualizing the framework will lead and the fundamental spotlight will be on versatility issues. As the GP is developing quickly the framework should bolster any future extensions, for example, expanding number of clients. The advancements that required to build up the framework Customer/server design (Web based customer server applications), Requirement assembling and breaking down strategies (the meetings will be direct and furthermore polls), HTML,XHTML,client side, server innovations (PHP,ASP.NET) Connection database (Oracle, My SQL), System testing instruments Down to earth Objectives: Investigation. The investigation will be done to comprehend the extent of undertaking. The meeting and polls will be led to gather client prerequisites and break down them to build up a framework. Framework displaying and prototyping The program language which going to utilize ought to be appropriate. The testing condition will recognize. Testing and execution The framework needs to test before convey to client to watch that created framework is working appropriately and it satisfies necessities. The framework will check confirmation and approval. Upkeep The helpdesk will be accommodated client if client face any issue of created framework. Speculation/Research questions The current framework permits client to book arrangement toss telephone or client needs to go to GP to book arrangement. This will result, for example, long line at the GP, medical clinics. Just not many GPs utilizing internet booking framework. There are a few prospects of issues, for example, clients don't think about the internet booking of their arrangement. In the event that if client need to book arrangement for rehash visit than they need to go each an ideal opportunity to book arrangement and issue is that clients can miss their recurrent visit since they didn't have the opportunity to go or telephone line was occupied. The line at GPs will squeeze the staff and may take additional time. It is significant that total undertaking ought to satisfy all the necessities of framework and furthermore how framework will function, highlights of framework and usefulness. The framework will deal with the premise of validations and approvals which will be accomplished by giving the interesting ID which is username and secret key to every client. The patient will have the option to choose of their ideal date and time and furthermore ready to change on the off chance that they need to. The internet booking framework won't work if there should arise an occurrence of crisis. In crisis there are consistently puts accessible to go straight there, this framework will work for typical booking to visit and see specialist for customary registration. 1.5 Expected results: This is a constant venture, so the motivation behind this task is to build up an online arrangement booking framework for GP and Hospitals where clients will ready to book designate from anyplace in world. This will be a customer and server application where customer will be utilized for simply entering the information and submitting it. The server side will be equipped for preparing. This is scholarly level undertaking, in this way the structure of this task will be smidgen not quite the same as the typical expert venture. Proficient individuals for the most part have the important information about how to make the undertaking yet in scholarly level understudy initially learn then cause it into training than they to give the application. Hypothesis Practice Application (Dawson, 2005) 1.6 Risk in this Project and method of minimization: The recognizable proof of hazard in projection improvement is significant in light of the fact that hazard can put venture on end or demolish total task. The venture dangers are those which will influence the quality and execution of task (Summerville I 2001).Some of the dangers are featured are beneath. Equipment issue: The event of equipment issue can occur while a ton of programming is being utilized to build up a framework. So PC can crash. The infection can likewise be answerable for PC crash. To overcome this issue the code consistently saved money on another gadget like (streak drive or companion computer).So if the PC slammed than the old code can be taken without losing anything. This is one anticipate hazard. Programming multifaceted nature and association: The product establishment and making association between them is could be an issue. The establishment of Mysql programming, apache server and make association between apache, PHP and Mysql. For this issue first all product will be use however on the off chance that there is issue, at that point Xampp where the old code can be create. This is a venture chance. Apparatuses and programming issue: The Tools and programming is consistently significant for advancement any sort of venture. On the off chance that some product is giving mistake while advancement a framework, at that point there is in every case new programming is accessible to utilize. Time: As far as possible into any venture is a high hazard. On the off chance that time isn't sufficient, at that point it will prompt influence the presentation of framework and furthermore quality. For instance if any equipment issue or programming issue happen being developed of task where all the time is spent then toward the end isn't sufficient opportunity to complete venture. In his cas

Linking pedagogy and assesment practices Research Paper

Connecting teaching method and assesment rehearses - Research Paper Example These aptitudes likewise improve the students’ capacity to show up at decisions and choices just as enabling them to move abilities to novel circumstances (Chun, 2010). The most ideal approach to evaluate these aptitudes is by utilization of Collegiate Learning Assessments. As indicated by Pike (2011), Collegiate Learning Assessment expects understudies to deliver ancient rarities that are assessed utilizing a lot of scoring rubrics. These evaluations utilize execution assignments in making the understudies to deliver these antiques. This evaluation likewise includes making of rubrics that help with doling out scores to the ancient rarities created by understudies and helps the understudies in the creation of these antiques. Up until this point, this strategy has been demonstrated viable in testing and building up these abilities by the learning foundations that have just begun to rehearse it. In assessing the adequacy of Collegiate Learning Assessment, we need to consider wha t it has accomplished and what it has neglected to accomplish. As indicated by Chun (2010), the exhibition errands utilized in these evaluation are of high caliber since a decent degree of mastery and time speculation are utilized while constructing every last one of them. This guarantees they are in accordance with the set evaluation objectives and that they are molded to deriver adequate data about the abilities they survey. Additionally, as indicated by Chun (2010), the presentation undertakings depend on the learning results that understudies are required to accomplish. In this manner, this evaluation uncovers these learning results. in light of the understudies antiquities as opposed to test scores. Relics are increasingly successful because of their capacity to join significant level intuition when contrasted with test scores and consequently they make this appraisal to be progressively compelling. The way toward making Collegiate Learning Assessment tests includes various rou nds of field testing, update and alignment (Chun, 2010). This makes this appraisal completely fit to convey the most ideal result for the abilities evaluated. It additionally helped in guaranteeing that this appraisal is custom-made towards guaranteeing that the antiques can gauge the level if the abilities surveyed are in the most precise manner conceivable. This has really made this sort of appraisal to be exceptionally viable in the accomplishing of evaluation objectives. Be that as it may, the reactions got from Collegiate Learning Assessments are long and complex with a wide scope of potential scores (Hardison and Vilamovska, 2009). This makes them exceptionally confused to control and extremely hard to dissect. Thus, they require a high level of abilities and capability among the assessors. It likewise requires high level of duty and commitment of both the assessors and the understudies. On the off chance that it comes up short on this it can neglect to accomplish the destinat ions expected along these lines getting ineffectual. Another manner by which instructive practice can be lined up with evaluation apparatuses is through including understudies in the structuring of those appraisal devices. A portion of the apparatuses in which understudies can

The Impact of Ownership Structure on the Dividend Policy free essay sample

We discover proof on the side of the theory that a positive connection exists among profits and free income and it’s more noteworthy for low-development firms than for the high-development firms. The outcomes likewise show that the effect of administrative possession and bank proprietorship on profit yield is certain especially for the low development firms. This is conflicting with the view that the administrative possession and institutional proprietorship diminish the requirement for the profit instrument. At long last, there is proof that the Keiretsu characterization influences relations between proprietorship structure and profit payouts. Generally speaking, the profit approach has all the earmarks of being utilized by Japanese low-development firms to control the overinvestment issue. Free income theory is somewhat upheld. JEL grouping codes: G32 G34 G35 Keywords: Ownership Structure, Dividend Policy, Free Cash Flow - 2-1. Presentation Why does a firm deliver profits? This inquiry has been the subject of discussion for a long time, In the pre-Miller and Modigliani period, it was accepted that expanding profits would consistently build showcase esteem. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Impact of Ownership Structure on the Dividend Policy or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Mill operator and Modigliani (1961) build up that in an ideal capital market, given a venture arrangement, profit is insignificant in deciding offer worth. Exactly, in any case, we have seen that an adjustment in profit arrangement has a huge effect on the offer cost. Various specialists have focused on various sorts of blemishes in the market so as to justify why profits matter. Of these, a conceivable thought is that corporate profit arrangement tends to office issues among investors and supervisors (Rozeff, 1982; Easterbrook, 1984; Jensen, 1986). As indicated by these organization speculations, except if benefits are delivered out to investors as profits, they might be focused on unrewarding undertakings that give private advantages to the chiefs. Rozeff (1982) and Easterbrook (1984) contends that the installment of profits open organizations to the conceivable need to raise outside assets, and subsequently subjects them to more noteworthy checking by capital markets. Jensen (1986) contends that delivering profits diminishes the optional assets under administrative control thus assists with moderating the overinvestment issue. In this investigation, we inspect the ramifications of the free income theory in corporate profit arrangement, and spotlight explicitly on cross-sectional relations between profit payout strategy and proprietorship structure and free income. Given the seriousness of the overinvestment issue, relations between profit payouts and possession structure, free income might be adapted on the presence of development openings. This examination looks at how the affectability of relations between profit payouts and proprietorship structure, free income fluctuates cross-sectionally with development openings. Past investigations have indicated that in nations like the US, firm possession is generally scattered, prompting a restricted capacity of proprietors to screen or control management’s utilization of free income. Consequently the profit payout is one of the essential control components whereby investors can diminish the board access to or maltreatment of optional assets. In nations with 1) a higher convergence of possession 2) broad cross-shareholding and 3) in number financial relationship, similar to Japan, predominant investors are accepted to have both the impetuses and the capacity to hold the board under wraps. Tests utilizing an example of 986 perceptions for 350 firms from 1992 to 2000 period demonstrate that the affectability of administrative proprietorship and bank possession to profit payouts changes legitimately with the overall plenitude of development openings. we find that profit payouts for low-development firms are essentially identified with administrative proprietorship and bank possession. In - 3-differentiate, there are no huge relations between profit payouts and administrative proprietorship, bank possession for high-development firms. We additionally research relationship between free income and profit payouts. Reliable with the forecast by Jensen (1986), there is a solid positive connection between the degree of free income and profit payouts. Besides, relationship between free income and profit payouts is more grounded for low-development firms. The remainder of the paper is composed as follows. Area 2 audits the past hypothetical and observational research. Area 3 clarifies the Japanese institutional foundation. Segment 4 portrays the observational structure. The exact outcomes are introduced in Section 5-6 and Section 7 closes. . Profit payouts, Ownership Structure and Agency Cost Theory 2. 1 Dividends and Agency Costs Corporate profit arrangement has been seen as a control system that mitigates office clashes among investors and directors. Jensen and Meckling (1976) propose that single direction to lessen organization expenses of value is to pay a bigger extent of its income as profits to its investors. A high profit payout proportion will bring about lower â€Å"discretionary† incomes accessible to be wasted away by chiefs. Rozeff (1982) contends that profit installments are a piece of the firm’s ideal checking/holding bundle and serve to decrease organization costs. Easterbrook (1984) records a portion of the components by which profits and the resulting raising of capital can control organization costs. Organization costs â€Å"are less genuine if the firm is continually in the market for new capital. At the point when it gives new protections, the firm’s issues will be looked into by a venture financier or some comparative mediator going about as a screen for the aggregate enthusiasm of investors, and by the buyers of the new instruments†. Free income theory The free income speculation is a variation of the organization contention dependent on the Principal-Agent system. As indicated by this structure, profits are utilized by investors as a gadget to lessen overinvestment by directors. Jensen(1986) contends that supervisors with generous free income will in general put it in inefficient undertakings as opposed to pay it out to investors, in light of the fact that administrative remuneration and perquisites increment even with poor ventures. These superfluous speculations lead to terrible showing, making clashes among investors and chiefs. Jensen stresses the disciplinary job of profits that control administrative unbeneficial expansionary propensities by constraining budgetary assets accessible to directors. Profit installments speak to a continuous promise to keep up higher installments in future periods, since firms are hesitant to cut profits and have been welcomed by a critical - 4-negative financial exchange response when they do. Jensen recommends that profits ought to be paid out in manners that impel directors to glut the money past the ideal sum. This suggests free income decidedly decides profit installments. . 3 Ownership structure and profit strategy One analysis of the office cost hypothesis is that if administrators need to overinvest or spend more on planes, what is simply the component that will compel them focus on an activity that will keep them from doing as such? A few creators address this issue with regards to possession structure 2. 3. 1 Institutional Ownership There are a few significant manners by which foundations contrast from singular financial specialists. All in all, organizations oversee huge pools of assets and thusly put bigger sums in each stock. Since they have bigger sums in question, they ought to have motivating forces to give assets to checking (Grossman and Hart, 1980; Shleifer and Vishny,1986). Organizations are likewise prone to be preferred educated over are singular financial specialists. In addition to the fact that institutions devote assets to social occasion data, however they are additionally some of the time conscious of corporate data that singular financial specialists don't have ( Michaely and Shaw,1994). Be that as it may, the forecast on the connection between profit strategy and institutional possession are blended. The primary line of research proposes a positive connection. Zeckhauser and pound (1990) recommend the arm’s length perspective on speculation held by numerous institutional financial specialists, combined with the motivations to free ride as for observing exercises, infers that institutional investors are probably not going to give direct checking themselves. The foundations, as opposed to giving observing themselves, powers firms to build their profits all together that they are in this way compelled to go to the outer capital market for future assets. Eckbo and Verma (1994) contend that institutional investors will favor free income to be appropriated as profits so as to lessen the office expenses of free income. From this point of view, it might be contended that institutional investors may counter a propensity for administrators to lean toward the over the top maintenance of income and, by temperance of their democratic force, power chiefs to deliver out profits. Moh’d, Perry and Rimbey (1994) and Short, Zhang, and Keasey (2002) likewise offer extra help. The second line of research recommends a negative connection. Jensen and Meckling (1976) contend that outside observing movement is a significant controlling component when office struggle exists. On the off chance that enormous institutional speculators go about as observing operators, and on the off chance that profits are paid to decrease office cost, at that point as indicated by this hypothesis, there ought to be a substitute connection between profit arrangement and institutional proprietorship. This infers a negative connection between the level of - 5-rabbits held by foundations and the profit payout. D’Souz, and Saxena (1999) give the experimental proof. 2. 3. 2 Managerial Ownership There are a few lines of contention on the job of administrative proprietorship. The primary line of contention

History Of Homosexuality In Diagnostic Manuals - Free Essay Example

Scholars originally thought sexual orientation was a decision, which first led to the placement of homosexuality in DSM-I and DSM-II. Theories of homosexuality throughout history and culture generally fall into pathology or immaturity categories. Pathology theories regard adult homosexuality as a disease, a condition deviating from ?normal heterosexual development. The presence of atypical gender behavior or feelings are symptoms of the disease or disorder to which mental health professionals need to attend. These theories hold that some internal defect or external pathological agent causes homosexuality, and such events can occur before or after birth. Theories of pathology tend to view homosexuality as a sign of a defect, or morally bad, with the belief homosexuality is socially evil. Theories of immaturity regard expressions of homosexual feelings or behavior at a young age as a normal step, often identified in the ?experimentation stage toward the development of adult heterosexuality. Ideally, homosexuality is a passing phase an individual outgrows. However, as a developmental arrests, adult homosexuality is equated with stunted growth. For much of Western history the meanings of same-sex behaviors viewed by religions deemed homosexuality to be morally bad. However, as 19th century Western culture shifted power from religious to secular authority, same-sex behaviors, like ?sins received increased spherical scrutiny from: law, medicine, psychiatry, and human rights activism. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist, offered an early theory of pathology, describing homosexuality as a ?degenerative disorder. Krafft-Ebing believed although one might be born with a homosexual predisposition, such inclinations should be considered a congenital disease. Krafft-Ebing was influential in disseminating among the medical and scientific communities both the term ?homosexual as well as its authors view of homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder. This theory influenced many of pathological assumptions regarding human sexuality in psychiatric diagnostic manuals of the mid-20th century. Freud believed everyone is born with bisexual tendencies; expressions of homosexuality could be a normal phase of heterosexual development. Freud argued homosexuality could not be a degenerative condition as Krafft-Ebing maintained because, among other reasons, it was found in people whose efficiency is unimpaired, and who are indeed distinguished by specially high intellectual development and ethical culture. Freud saw expressions of adult homosexual behavior as caused by ?arrested psychosexual development, a theory of immaturity. Most psychoanalysts of the next generation came to view homosexuality as pathological. They offered a revised understanding of homosexuality as well as psychoanalytic ?cures. In the mid-20th century, American psychiatry was greatly influenced at the time by these psychoanalytic perspectives. Consequently, in 1952, when APA published the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-I), it listed all the conditions psychiatrists then considered to be a mental disorder. DSM-I classified homosexuality as a sociopathic personality disturbance. In DSM-II, published in 1968, homosexuality was reclassified as a sexual deviation. Kinseys research found homosexuality to be more common in the general population than was generally believed, and found in nature. Researchers and activists started to reject the pathological model as a major contributor to the stigma associated with homosexuality. It was this latter group that brought modern sex research theories to the attention of APA. In the wake of the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, gay and lesbian activists, believing psychiatric theories to be a major contributor to anti-homosexual social stigma, disrupted the 1970 and 1971 annual meetings of the APA. The APA started to question what constitutes a mental disorder. They reviewed the characteristics of the various mental disorders and concluded that, with the exception of homosexuality and perhaps some of the other ?sexual deviations, they all regularly caused subjective distress or were associated with generalized impairment in social effectiveness of functioning, (p. 211). Having arrived at this novel definition of mental disorder, the Nomenclature Committee agreed that homosexuality per se was not one. As a result, in December 1973, APAs Board of Trustees (BOT) voted to remove homosexuality from the DSM. Psychiatrists did not vote, as is often reported in the popular press, on whether homosexuality should remain a diagnosis. As a result, opponents of the 1973 removal have repeatedly tried to discredit the outcome by declaring, science cannot be decided by a vote. The events of 1973 did not immediately end psychiatrys pathology of some presentations of homosexuality. For in homosexualitys place, the DSM-II contained a new diagnosis: Sexual Orientation Disturbance (SOD). SOD regarded homosexuality as an illness if an individual with same-sex attractions, which caused them distress and wanted to change. The new diagnosis legitimized the practice of sexual conversion therapies, even if homosexuality per se was no longer considered an illness. SOD was later replaced in DSM-III by a new category called Ego Dystonic Homosexuality (EDH). However, it was obvious to psychiatrists more than a decade later that the inclusion first of SOD, and later EDH, was the result of earlier political compro mises, and neither diagnosis met the definition of a disorder. As a result, ego-dystonic homosexuality was removed from the next revision, DSM-III-R, in 1987. In so doing, the APA implicitly accepted a normal variant view of homosexuality in a way that had not been possible fourteen years earlier. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695779/ In 1948, WHO published ICD-6(International Classification of Diseases), which was the first ICD version to include a classification of mental disorders. ICD-6 classified homosexuality as a sexual deviation presumed to reflect an underlying personality disorder. Later in 1992, the ICD-10 defined sexual orientation by itself is not to be considered a disorder. Nevertheless, the descriptions of the categories suggest mental disorders exist that are uniquely linked to sexual orientation and gender expression.https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/9/14-135541/en/ The World Health Organization (WHO) only removed homosexuality from its ICD classificationwith the publication of ICD-10 in 1992, although ICD-10 still carries the construct of ego-dystonic sexual orientation. In this condition, the person is not in doubt about his or hersexual preference, but wishes it were different because of associated psychological and behavioral disorders. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201509/when-homosexuality-stopped-being-mental-disorder. In June 2018, the IDC-11 removed gender incongruence from mental disorders into sexual health conditions. The rationale being that while evidence is now clear that it is not a mental disorder, and indeed classifying it in this can cause enormous stigma for people who are transgender or gender non-binary.

Essay about Attitudes of War in Ancient Civilizations

Chapter Eight War and Society reveals the attitudes about war in both ancient Rome and China. These attitudes prove that in these cases perhaps it is safe to say that wars are not inevitable or natural but were caused by warlike societies and social situations. After reading bits and pieces of both the ancient Roman and Chinese history, one can only gain a greater perspective on how these attitudes derived. In 391 nomads called the Gauls defeated a small army of Roman aristocrats and burnt down the town of Rome. After this attack, Rome rebuilt its town and changed it into an empire, which spread its laws, culture, and peace from the North. Rome was convinced that after this first invasion, it was necessary to change their military. Over†¦show more content†¦I believe that between both, the Chinese and Romans, neither was more responsible for starting or pursuing these wars. I believe that although their situations were similar they are also from entirely different societies and responded the way they sought fit. On the other hand, I feel that it would be by far easier to judge who would be at greater fault if both societies were at war with one another, but that clearly is not the case. I believe that in any war, all suffer. The lands that the Roman Empire originally won, suffered the greatest in the beginning, as did the Roman Empire with the number of deaths. Both of the empires fell, and deteriorated rapidly in the third centuries, the Han dynasty was replaced by three kingdoms and the Romans was divided into two empires. What I find to be interesting is the question if war actually solves anything? The rise and the fall of both the Roman Empire and the ruling rise and fall of the ancient Chinese Dynasties prove this. It sounds a bit off, but the Roman Empire created an aspect of standardization, as did the other. Rather then sharing with one another the ideas and cultures of all of the conquered societies and having these cultures prosper and grow, they united, and formed the same nation, preventing them from the ability to do so. So in another way, the worldShow MoreRelatedAttitudes of War in Ancient Civilizations1039 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Eight War and Society reveals the attitudes about war in both ancient Rome and China. These attitudes prove that in these cases perhaps it is safe to say that wars are not inevitable or natural but were caused by warlike societies and social situations. After reading bits and pieces of both the ancient Roman and Chinese history, one can only gain a greater perspective on how these attitudes derived. 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Analysis of Manage Organizational Change

Questions: 1. Identify strategic change needed through an analysis of strategic plans, Review existing policies and practices working against strategic objectives, Monitor trends in external environment to identify risks to organisations objectives. 2. Identify major operational/performance gaps/opp or threats/ decisions, Review and prioritise change requirements, Undertake a cost benefit analysis. 3. Undertake risk analysis + Identify and respond to barriers to change. 4.Consultant internal managers experts, Consult with individuals and relevant groups. 5.Develop a change management plan and project timetable, Obtain approval for change management plan, Assign resources to the project. 6.Develop comm. education plans for relevant staff,Develop comm. plans to promote benefits minimise loss, Arrange activities to deliver communication. 7.Activate strategies for embedding change,Conduct regular evaluations and reviews. Answers: Introduction A business needs several changes in its lifetime. Change may take place due to several reasons like, to improve the production quality, to improve the service quality, to modernize the businesss structure etc. To do any change the organization must manage the whole situation. Change management is a systematic way to transitioning any kind of change to an expected future situation. Discussion of the needs and change objectives Accoridng to Ardichvili (2012), that a company needs strategic changes when it faces any kind of difficulties during implementation of strategies to achieve the objectives. Here, in this particular study, the needs for strategic changes in the company i.e. Australia Post has stated below: Objectives Objectives of Australia Post (i) The main objectives of Australia post is to deliver innovative and easy-to use products and services to the people. (ii) It is also an objective of the company is to provide friendly services through knowledgeable staffs. (iii) Another objective of Australia Post that is very important is to build an efficient and effective network to provide services to the people within the required timeframe. (iv)The objective for the employees or for the staffs is to rewarding their excellent performance and providing job satisfactions to the employees. (v) Another objective is to encourage all the members of the company to participate efficiently to make the business successful (Brown, 2006). Necessity of change these objectives However, Australia Post has the above business objectives but the current strategies taken by them are become unsuccessful to meet those objectives due to some loopholes in the current strategies. As opined by Gill (2012) that the loopholes in the company are lack of knowledgeable staffs to provide excellent services to the people, lack of friendly attitude in the staff members of the company, lack of sincerity within the employees to provide timely services, lack of motivational activities within the company. Hence, existence of these all loopholes needs some strategic changes within the company (Kossek, 2007). A review of chosen organisational strategic objectives The current policies of Australia Post and the limitations (i) policy of Australia Post Enterprise Agreement, 2013. It is taken to rewarding the employees but this is not implemented in a right manner. Hence, the employees do not get expected reward for their performances. (ii) Another policy is Assignment of Postcodes. It is made to allocate the postcodes to various geographical areas and to the localities but due to lack of proper training, the staffs are not able to allocate the Postcodes timely. (iii) The next is Refund Policy. As explained by Smart and Pontifex (2003) that this policy is to guide the clients or customers to refund the products and request for any kind of exchange and repair but in actual situation, the employees do not properly give this guidance. Hence, the customers face many problems for that. (iv) Policy to maintain ethics is the next one. This policy is to guide all the members of the company to perform their job in an ethical and integrated manner but due to lack of proper communication system this is not happening actually. However, these policies are failed to meet objectives of the company and so, the change is required. Necessity of proposed change Political At present, the political focus is increasing on the postal services industry in Australia. This means the government is thinking about this industry for betterment, which is indicating good opportunity of the company Australia Post (Gashi, 2013). Economic The reduction in customers net income due to the economic crisis is creating pressure on the postal industry of Australia, which will results in the growth of this industry. That means, Australia Post is benefited during this changed situation. Social The demand for innovative postal products and services are increasing in Australia at present and it is one of the main plus points for Australia Post (Graham and Bennett, 2008). Technological The current technological changes is creating new scope for business for this postal industry in terms of new and innovative products and services and it is the great opportunity for Australia Post. Legal The present internet evolution has stretched the legal boundaries for the postal industry, which has resulted more customer demand in case of their right in getting postal services. Environment The growing environmental awareness has provided the scope to the postal industry in Australia to produce and deliver the innovative eco-friendly products. It is another big scope for Australia Post to introduce attractive eco-friendly products and services as mentioned by Hersey and Blanchard (2012). Performance gaps the main performance gap in Australia post is not delivering the products and services in time. This is happening due to the lack of sincerity in the staffs of the company; another gap is not satisfying the employees needs. This is the performance gap of the managers; they are not successful to communicate the employees properly; the next is providing standard services to the customers. This is taking place due to the gap in knowledge of the employees (Martocchio, 2004). Business opportunities and threats The main opportunities for Australia post is the growing environmental awareness among the Australian public, advanced technological changes, increased social demand for innovative products and services (Tracey, 2004). On the other hand, the threats for Australia post are the increased legal restrictions, introduction of new companies, which have strong capital and technological base. Management decisions the management of the company made several policies but they are failed to take appropriate decisions to implement those policies and they have also took decisions of not providing all the relevant holidays to the employees which became the main barrier for non-achievement of objectives (Tracey, 2004). However, these above performance gaps, management decisions, threats and the opportunities has caused for the needs to strategic changes. Resource availability to enable change The biggest opportunity for which the organization requires strategic change is the increased demand of the innovative eco-friendly products. For this the production manager needs to change the production strategy that is the strategy for change in the types of raw materials, machinery etc as opined by Gashi (2013). Another opportunity is the development in the internet services. For this, the marketing manager needs to change the present strategy to provide better services through online. The next change is required is the change in the strategy to provide training to the employees and this is the responsibility of human resource manager. Proper training and guidance will make the employees able to provide better services and increasing the market share (Smart and Pontifex, 2003). Barriers to changes: The main barriers to changes in Australia Post are (i) shortage of required money for making the infrastructural changes and starting the training and development program. (ii) Lack of appropriate personnel to provide the training. (iii) Lack of employees sincerity to adopt the required change. (iv) proper internal environment is not present in the organization. (v) Absence of proper communication system within the organization (Smart and Pontifex, 2003). Agreed and mitigation strategies: The agreed and mitigation strategies of Australia Post are (i) strategy for communicating all the employees at each time when any change takes place. (ii) Strict notice by the management to implement the changes. (iii) Strategy for starting training and development program. (iv) Strategy to source the new kind of raw materials before the requirements takes place (Gashi, 2013). Description of selected approach to change To introduce the changes in the organization at first a change management team must be appoint in the organization. The employees of the organization and the personnel from the outside can be included in the team. In the second step the plans of the company have to analyzed properly to see the suitability of the plans. The next step is to make a communication plan within the organization to inform all the members about the changed plans or strategies (Kossek, 2007). The fourth step is to create a suitable timeline that will require during the change management process. Fifth step is detection of those problems, which may arise during the change process. The sixth step is preparation of a report including all the information of change to present it to the senior management. The last step is discussing with the local management team about the future changes that will happen (Kossek, 2007). Ensure approval to implement change management strategy After completing the planning, the employees need to take the approval from the appropriate authority. For example: To doing any changes in the production department the approval must be taken from the production managers, CEO and the Managing Director of the company. For any change in the human resource department the approval have to take from the human resource manager, and from the Managing Director. Therefore, for any kind of change the approvals have to take so that the change meets the legal requirements and everything goes in a systematic manner (Brown, 2006). After taking the approval from the appropriate authorities, the local managers have to take care to allocating the required resources to the changed plans. For examples: if Australia Post requires any changes in the human resource department that is requirement of training and development the manager of the human resource department needs to source the appropriate authority who will give the training. With that the manager have to identify the employees who need training program and then the manager need to apply for the required money to the senior or appropriate authorities (Smart and Pontifex, 2003). On the other hand to change the type of products the production manager needs to identify the raw materials that is required to produce the new type i.e. eco-friendly products. After that the managers have to inform the human resource department to give training to the workers or employees, if required. At last the production manager will apply to the appropriate authority that is the finance department to provide the required finance or money for implementing the change. Cost benefit analysis: Action Plan The cost-benefit analysis is as follows: Change requirement and opportunities Costs Benefits Increasing demand for eco-friendly products The knowledge limitations in the workers of the production department change in production system, huge initial cost. Increase in customer base, increase in sales and profitability and positive movement o brand image. Advancement of technology Lack of proper knowledge within the employees, sacrificing jobs of some employees New and innovative products and services Training and development program for employees Huge initial costs Trained staff members, delivering better services to the customers Table1: Cost benefit analysis Risk analysis Job analysis and preparation of organisational structure: This is a significant task for Australia Post in establishing where the core experience and knowledge is situated and among which key workers or individuals or areas this is vested. It the change objective proposes to adopt new business practices and processes targeted at providing the firm with enhanced business performance, then carrying out a job analysis across the entire spectrum or strategic organisational roles and responsibilities also need to be undertaken at the earliest. To accomplish the mission, vision and objectives, any company must aim at realising the full potential of all its employees (Hersey and Blanchard, 2012). Be valuing its staffs, a company can increase its innovativeness and ability to adapt to change, thereby improving its overall performance. Constant employee involvement and consultation will assist in assuring employees of the significance of the organisational changes, the ways in which they can be involved and how they can support the alterations to the business. Possible barriers to change Barriers to the change that is taking place in Australia Post: Lack of knowledge in the employees Lack monetary base for the required changes Lack of appropriate communication system Lack of personnel to provide the training Lack of appropriate infrastructure for implementing the change Acknowledgement of relevant authorities The researcher has thanked to the higher authority of the company because of their helpful approaches. The higher authority of the company has helped the researcher to analyse the data in proper manner. The manager of the company has provided all kind of information that helps the researcher to conduct the research in proper manner. Discussion of stakeholders: The stakeholders of the company are managers, shareholders and supplier, employees and customers of the company. The stakeholders are played their effective role in developing the performance of the organisation in the market. Though the company has faced some of major problems therefore, the stakeholders are allowed to provide necessary idea to the company to overcome its barriers and get benefit from it accordingly. Communication plan The Company Australia Post is responding to the changes by initiating training programme in the market. The manager of the company that is Australia Post has to create a strong communication network to communicate the employees and their customers (Hersey and Blanchard, 2012). The management needs to announce about all kind of changes that will take place in the near future. Another thing that the management have to do is arrange the required money to implement the change in the organization. Strategies of embedding change within the organisation The development of communication or education plan to promote the benefits of the change to the firm and to reduce loss include three steps namely, organisational pre-positioning, change management plan implementation and ongoing support and consolidation. Organisational pre positioning this phase focuses on the preparations for change through communication with staff and stakeholders. In also comprises of initial job analysis including preparing of job descriptions for introduction of a novel organisational structure and the deliverance of general change management awareness training to employees. This particular phase is targeted at preparing the organisation for change and managing associated risks and benefits (Smart and Pontifex, 2003). Change management plan implementation The focus in this phase is on the implementation of the changes against the decided plans and business objectives. The progress of application should be regularly informed to senior managers stakeholders and staff. Ongoing support and consolidation This particular phase concentrates on provision of continual support and enhancements as the alterations are incorporated within the firm and are considered as the new work culture of the company. A fundamental feature of facilitating a change process throughout the application phase will be development of an initial awareness and comprehending at an early stage, regarding why change management process is necessary and the benefits to be gained at team, individual and organisational performance levels (Kossek, 2007). Prepositioning is essential for shaping and successful delivery of required knowledge to advance the firm from its current business mode of operation to accomplish a higher stage of business performance. From a practical perspective, at no stage of the communications cycle should the change management application timeframe be delivered in anything except the most realistic terms. Otherwise, it may severely hamper the degree of employee commitment as well as the credibility of programme and transformation (Smart and Pontifex, 2003). General awareness training and analysis: The primary step of designing a concentrated and relevant training and learning plan is to ensure that the activities are targeted at raising the awareness of suitable skills and knowledge of the staff of Australia Post. All managers will be required to provide data on individuals by using a framework of competencies for each job profile. Apart from this, the business objectives and strategy will also determine key areas where the planned changes have to be delivered to enhance organisational processes (Graham and Bennett, 2008). Project timetable: Gantt chart Activities 1st month 2nd month 3rd month Informing the employees about the future changes Initiating the training program Continuing the training program Communicating all the members in the organization Arranging the money Completion of change program Table 2: Gantt chart Conclusion: It can be concluded that Australia Post initiates several training programs for the growth of the employee. This will directly give strong impact on the growth of the company itself. This is recommended for the managers to judge the growth. Reference List: Books: Gashi, R. (2013). Strategic Human Resources Management: Human Resources or Human Capital. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Graham, H. and Bennett, R. (2008). Human resources management. London: Pitman. Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. (2012). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Martocchio, J. (2004). Research in personnel and human resources management. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Tracey, W. (2004). Human resources management development handbook. New York: amacom. Journals: Ardichvili, A. (2012). Knowledge Management, Human Resource Development, and Internet Technology. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4(4), pp.451-463. Brown, A. (2006). Quality Management: Issues for Human Resource Management. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 33(3), pp.117-129. Gill, R. (2012). Change management--or change leadership?. Journal of Change Management, 3(4), pp.307-318. Kossek, E. (2007). Human Resources Management Innovation. Human Resource Management, 26(1), pp.71-92. Smart, J. and Pontifex, M. (2003). Human Resources Management and the Australian Human Resources Institute: The Profession and Its Professional Body. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 31(1), pp.1-19.

Video Essay Samples - How to Get the Most Out of Your Lecture

Video Essay Samples - How to Get the Most Out of Your LectureHave you been trying to find some great video essay samples for your own use? Well, you're in luck. This article will help you understand what the different types of videos are and what they mean to you as a student. You'll also get some tips on how to get the most out of your lessons by using this free information.Most students who have been in online classrooms like to take notes about the topics that are being discussed. Some use laptops and a keyboard and mouse while others just type the information into their computer at home. These people can make use of many types of video essays. The first type of video essay is a multi-camera video that allows the camera person to be in front of the class and show every single lecture.Students can type in notes that they want to discuss later during the lecture. A word or phrase will appear on the screen and a text box where they can type a word or phrase. The camera person can eve n shoot one-liners when students are asked a question or when it's their turn to speak. Video essays are especially useful for students who want to know more about the topic of a lesson.Students can use a camcorder or DVD recorder to record themselves in a classroom room while they are taking a class or a lesson. Students can choose how many cameras they want to use and they can even set the length of time that the recorder will record a lesson. A camcorder or DVD recorder can be used to record all of the class for the day. The camera person will be able to change the color or the sound of the audio device depending on the type of lesson.Another type of video essay is a silent video essay. When a person takes a silent video essay, they won't have to use their microphone at all. The camera will simply record the entire class so that the student can see them with just the camera and the words they write on the computer. If students are too shy to record themselves or want to avoid get ting their homework or assignments wrong, then a silent video essay is a good option.A video essay can be something as simple as a person signing their name to explain the importance of the subject. It can also be a movie that explains certain concepts or images that are related to the class or lesson. The instructor is always available for a chat if students would like to ask questions or ask more questions.If you're a student and you'd like to know more about what types of video essays are available, this article is right for you. Start by checking out some of the available online seminars that students can attend. You can also check out the Web sites of video companies that offer video essay samples to show students what it's like to make use of their product. Most of these companies have access to different types of online seminars that students can attend.You can also search for videos that students can view online in search engines like Google. If you want to know more about v ideo essay samples, start visiting the seminars and the Web sites that offer them. You can also find out what they are called and what types of topics they cover. You can learn about the different types of video essays so that you can choose the best one for your needs.